(pseudonym of Helmut Flieg)
Born April 4, 1913 in Chemnitz, died December 16, 2001 in Tel Aviv Ein Bokek, Dead Sea, Israel
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| 1933 | Emigration to Prague
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| 1935 | Emigration to the USA ; studies German literature at the University of Chicago
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| 1937 | Editor-in chief of the anti-fascist New York weekly newspaper, Deutsches Volksecho
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| 1943 | Joins the US Army
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| 1945 | Return to the USA
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| Career start as free-lance writer in Berlin
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| 1951 | Move to the GDR | |
| 1953 | Columnist for the Berliner Zeitung | |
| 1953 | Heinrich Mann Award | |
| 1956 | Literature Award of the FDGB (Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund – Free Association of German Trade Unions) First Class; Franz Mehring Medal of Honour | |
| 1956 | First conflicts with the government of the GDR | |
| 1959 | National Prize of the GDR, Second Class; Medal of Honour of the City of Chemnitz | |
| 1976 | Co-signer of the protest against the government’s retraction of Wolf Biermann’s citizenship; expulsion from the GDR Writers’ Union | |
| 1990 | Gutenberg Award écrits et libertés; honorary doctorate awarded by the University of Bern | |
| 1991 | Honorary doctorate awarded by Cambridge University
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| 1992 | Chemnitzer Ernst Award for Art and Culture
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| 1993 | Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society | |
| 1994 | Opens the 13th Bundestag as Father of the House (i.e. president by right of age) | |
| 2000 | Peace Medal of the IPPNW (International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War) | |
| 2001 | Honorary citizen of the City of Chemnitz | |
| Death on December 16, 2001 in Tel Aviv (Ein Bokek), after participating in a symposium on Heinrich Heine
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