Wim Wenders and His Films
A Thoughtful Workaholic
Originally Wim Wenders wanted to become a priest, then a surgeon, and finally a painter. But ultimately his love of the cinema prevailed and he became a director. The Berlinale 2015 will be presenting the German auteur with an Honorary Golden Bear for his lifetime achievement and will dedicate a Homage to him.
A young man is travelling through the USA on his own. In his car, he drives along highways, past neon adverts and petrol stations. His name is Philip Winter and he is supposed to be writing a report about American landscape, but he cannot find a single word to write. Instead, he collects photographs of places and sites, only to note resignedly that they never really show what the eye actually sees. These are scenes from Alice in the Cities (1974) by Wim Wenders, a film depicting an odyssey from the south of the USA all the way to Munich which ultimately leads the protagonist to find himself.
This questioning of photographs in a world increasingly dominated by powerful images is characteristic of the work of this director, despite the fact that his works themselves contain images full of significance and poetry. With their long, unhurried shots and painstaking montage, his films always challenge the viewer to take a closer look. Alice in the Cities was Wim Wenders’ fourth film. It was only once he had completed it that he really saw himself as a director, then going on to make nearly 50 other feature films and documentaries, including most recently his 2014 film The Salt of the Earth, a portrait of the Brazilian photographer Sebastião Sagaldo.
A reformer of German film
“I have always been fascinated by images”, Wim Wenders once said of himself. Nonetheless, a career in film was by no means the obvious choice for Wenders, who was born in Düsseldorf in 1945 and whose father was a doctor. Originally he wanted to become a priest but then decided to give medicine, philosophy and sociology a try before moving to Paris in 1965 to study painting. In 1967 he switched to the newly established University of Television and Film in Munich. After completing his graduation film Summer in The City (1971), Wenders joined forces with twelve other filmmakers to found the film distribution company Filmverlag der Autoren with a view to producing his own films and distributing them to cinemas.Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog and Volker Schlöndorff emerged as the figureheads of this group of young auteurs who were keen not only in Munich to set themselves apart from the entertainment films typical of their time and find a different cinematographic language. What united them was their critical examination of the social and political situation which existed in Germany, and of the country’s Nazi past. Linked to this was the question of their own identity, a topic to which Wim Wenders returned time and time again. Particularly the main characters in his early films are driven and inward-looking young men. They rebel against the ideals of middle-class lives yet are unable to come up with any alternative. Following the success of his road movies Alice in the Cities and Kings of the Road (1976), Wenders achieved an international breakthrough with his crime drama The American Friend (1977), an adaptation of a novel by Patricia Highsmith. Francis Ford Coppola brought Wenders to Hollywood to direct a film about the crime writer Dashiell Hammett. For Wenders, the making of this film was to prove a debacle.
A German in America
As Wenders once said, America seemed to him to be a “country of unbelievable freedom which the narrowness and humourlessness of my German homeland had nothing to set against.” The director repeatedly explored the influence that the USA, its myths and its popular culture had on his generation, an influence which for example is reflected in aesthetic terms in the wide panoramic landscapes and in Wenders’ keen eye for emptiness which he honed on the motifs of Edward Hopper. Nonetheless, his relationship with the USA remained ambivalent. While filming Hammett (1982) in Hollywood, he then found himself dealing directly with the American film business. Always intent on being independent, he was constantly required by producers to film scenes again and re-edit them – an experience which he addressed in The State of Things (1982), in which the main character – a German filmmaker – is shot in Hollywood. In spite of this, Wenders spent over a decade living in Los Angeles and New York, during which time he also achieved one of his greatest successes. Paris, Texas (1984), based on a screenplay by Sam Shepard, is a road movie which tells a timeless story about loneliness, love and the search for oneself. Back in Germany, Wenders shot his second major box-office success in 1987, Wings of Desire, in which the divided city is viewed from the perspective of angels. Wenders designed the film as a collage of voices, sounds and everyday impressions which he elevates with poetical dialogues laden with meaning that were penned by his friend, the literary scholar Peter Handke.Paris, Texas and Wings of Desire, both honoured with the Palme d’Or in Cannes, are undeniably cinematic classics. Nonetheless, Wenders rarely managed in the 1990s to follow up on his previous successes and often found himself facing harsh criticism. His ambitious science fiction drama Until the End of the World (1991) for example was deemed a flop by critics and audiences alike. His films were accused of being pretentious, of citing only themselves and of belonging to an outdated era of auteur cinema.
Filmmaker, photographer, essayist
Undeterred, Wenders has continued to work in his individual, thoughtful and inquisitive fashion. Besides his feature films, he has made documentaries about film, fashion and music – for example Buena Vista Social Club (1999) – as well as about architecture and dance. For Pina (2011), his documentary about Wuppertal choreographer Pina Bausch, he used 3D filming to allow cinema audiences to experience the corporeality of the dancers. The film was nominated for an Oscar® – as Buena Vista Social Club was and The Salt of the Earth now has been. During the course of his professional career, Wim Wenders has been considered for all the major film awards. He is co-founder and president of the European Film Academy and has also made a name for himself as a lecturer, essayist and photographer. Everything Will Be Fine, a feature film about a writer who suffers a crisis, will celebrate its world premiere at the Berlinale 2015. It would appear that the director, who will be turning 70 in 2015, has no intention of retiring: “I am a self-confessed workaholic”, Wenders said in an interview in 2014. “I have never been able to separate my work and my life.”Photo Roland Emmerich: Franz Richter (User:FRZ) - Own work. License: CC BY-SA 2.5-2.0-1.0 via Wikimedia Commons