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© Ilustracja: Maria Nika, Źródło: Canva

The article by Ben Stanley examines how citizens in Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom understand democracy, based on comparative survey research conducted in 2025. The analysis explores attitudes toward liberal-democratic principles, authoritarian tendencies, redistribution, and majority rule.

• Author: Ben Stanley
• Kultura Liberalna
• Original title: Cztery oblicza demokracji. Jak ją widzą Polacy, Hiszpanie i Brytyjczycy
• Pillars of Democracy

© Ilustracja: Maria Nika, Źródło: Wikimedia Commons

This opinion essay, featuring a conversation with historian and political thinker Mark Lilla, examines how former U.S. President Donald Trump has left a lasting impact on American political culture, democracy, and institutions. The authors argue that Trump himself should be distinguished from the broader phenomenon of trumpism—a vehicle through which populism, anger, anti‑elitism and reactionary sentiments express themselves.

• Author: Jarosław Kuisz
• Medium: Kultura Liberalna
• Original title: Trump trwale zmienił Amerykę
• Pillars of Democracy

© Chatto & Windus

The debut novel by Swedish-Kurdish author Agri Ismaïl, titled *Hyper*, follows in the tradition of family sagas and literature written by second- or third-generation immigrants. The main character—the proud founder of the Communist Party of Iraqi Kurdistan—flees the country only to watch his ideals crumble as his children strive to succeed in London, New York, and Dubai. The novel captures the hyper-fragmented life under capitalism in the wake of the financial crisis from the perspective of uprooted Kurds.

• Author: Laura Vassileva
• Medium: Revue Prostor
• Original title: HYPERkapitalismus v kurdském zrcadle
• Global Social Transformations

© Multitude Films

The experiences and struggles of people with health-related disadvantages have been, and continue to be, systematically erased from our collective memory. In her reflection on a number of groundbreaking films, the author Petra Eller explores this erasure and the power that can bring these experiences back into the public consciousness.

• Author: Petra Eller
• Medium: JÁDU
• Original title: Crip dejiny: ich vymazávanie a filmy, ktoré ich uchovávajú
• Culture and Identity

© Viktória Citráková

Citráková reflects on the 61st Venice Biennale as a stage where contemporary art and geopolitical crisis collide. Amid protests, strikes, and institutional scandals, the exhibition reveals how deeply today’s art world is entangled with war, nationalism, censorship, and the collapse of cultural neutrality.

• Author: Viktória Citráková
• Medium: Kapitál
• Original title: Príďte kvôli umeniu, zostaňte kvôli geopolitickému kolapsu. Politický rozmer 61. Benátskeho bienále
• Culture and Identity

Ilustracja: Kamil Czudej, Źródło: Wikimedia Commons

This interview with political scientist Jan Zielonka examines the political significance of Viktor Orbán’s electoral defeat in Hungary. The article argues that while Orbán symbolized right-wing populism in Europe, his influence stemmed largely from structural weaknesses within the European Union itself. It explores how EU mechanisms—such as unanimity rules and political tolerance toward rule-of-law violations—allowed Orbán to block decisions and shape European politics.

• Author: Katarzyna Skrzydłowska-Kalukin
• Medium: Kultura Liberalna
• Original title: Orbán przegrał, ale jego głos wciąż słychać w Europie
• Pillars of Democracy